Why is it recommended to treat sewage with microorganisms?

Analysis on the role of microbial technology in sewage treatment

Metabolism

In sewage treatment, microbial activity is the main way of its metabolism. Organic matter in sewage is the main energy of microbial metabolism. In the metabolic activities of microorganisms, it can make full use of various bacteria to decompose organic matter in sewage. Vital life-sustaining energy can be obtained, thus promoting the rational use of water resources and effectively avoiding secondary pollution problems.

Degradation

Degradation is also the main function of microbial technology. In the treatment of sewage, it promotes the conversion of organic matter to inorganic matter. At the same time, it also maintains the balance of various life elements. Bacteria and fungi can degrade organic matter in water. Therefore, when treating sewage, it should be combined with actual microbial selection to reduce organic matter in sewage.

Microbial wastewater treatment technology and its application

Microbial adsorption technology

Microbial adsorption technology is mainly to use the chemical structure of microorganisms to incorporate secretions into the suspended solids of sewage, so as to give full play to its adsorption effect and achieve the purpose of solid-liquid separation. The technology is new and low cost. It has been widely used in the treatment of heavy metal sewage.

The application of microbial adsorption technology will be affected by a variety of factors, the influence of temperature and PH value is the most obvious, it also has a greater impact on the chemical state and biological activity of heavy metal ions in water, and will also affect the absorption of heavy metal ions in water. REDOX process. At the same time, the adsorption time also has a great influence on the treatment effect. Relevant studies have shown that microorganisms usually take several hours to adsorb heavy metals, and moderately extending the adsorption time can optimize the water purification effect. Therefore, the adsorption time should be adjusted appropriately on the basis of maintaining cell viability during water purification. In addition, coexisting ions will also have a greater impact on the application of adsorption technology. The composition of sewage is very complicated. The retention of harmless substances in the water source is a very important principle in the water purification process. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand and master the adsorption of various components and microorganisms in sewage in order to effectively ensure the purification effect.

Microbial flocculation

During the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, some functional polysaccharides and glycoproteins are produced. All of these substances are macromolecular organic substances with good flocculation effect, which are widely used in the treatment of sewage filth. Some microorganisms have good flocculation effect.

Flocculation technology is usually used in agricultural wastewater treatment and decolorization of wastewater. Agricultural wastewater contains a large amount of BOD, so it is more difficult to treat than other substances, and it is difficult to achieve the desired treatment effect with traditional treatment technology. Printing and dyeing wastewater has a higher chromaticity than ordinary wastewater, and its composition is more complex than ordinary wastewater. It is mainly characterized by high COD, poor biodegradability, low BOD / COD ratio and more types of dyes and intermediates.

Immobilized enzyme and immobilized bacterial technologies

Immobilized enzyme and immobilized bacterial technologies are collectively referred to as immobilized microbial technologies, which mainly refer to methods for maintaining microbial activity and immobilizing free microorganisms on specific carriers, thereby increasing the concentration of microorganisms and recycling them. It includes embedding methods, cross-linking methods and self-immobilization methods. The density and concentration of microorganisms in this technology is higher and the equipment occupies less area. The cost investment is low and the difficulty of product isolation is reduced. At the present stage, the technology is mainly used in the treatment of water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution, and the application of curing technology is not limited by other factors. But for complex sewage treatment problems, microorganisms and microbial carriers themselves should have strong adaptability to ensure the efficiency of water treatment. In the treatment, different microorganisms and carriers should be used in combination with different water quality.

Highly efficient degrading bacterial technology

This technology is an extension and expansion of the above three technologies. High-efficiency degrading bacteria technology mainly utilizes bioengineering cultivation technology to artificially cultivate and multi-wave select bacteria or bacterial colonies with degradability, in order to achieve the purpose of enhancing the function of bacterial colonies. Compared with the original degrading bacteria, the scientifically selected bacterial colonies have more obvious advantages in reproduction ability and adaptability, and therefore also greatly improve the quality and efficiency of wastewater treatment. Nowadays, the culture of similar bacteria has gradually matured, and the co-culture of different bacteria has also become a focus of attention. It fully integrates the characteristics of different bacteria, thus effectively improving the quality and efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Electrode biofilm method

This technique mainly immobilizes microorganisms on the electrode surface. Microorganisms have obvious adsorption and growth characteristics. At the same time, a layer of biofilm will be formed on the surface. When the electrode is energized, the impurities in the wastewater will also be absorbed by the biofilm and affected by the electric current to achieve the purpose of decomposition. This method can be used to treat nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, in addition to ensuring denitrification of impurities.

The electrode biofilm method has certain disadvantages. It has very strict requirements for equipment and technology. The strength of the electric current will have a major impact on the biological activity and therefore on the overall effect of pollutant adsorption, so it should be generalized after good experimentation and finding the most scientifically effective solution.

Microbial treatment technology has high safety, good treatment effect, no secondary pollution problem, and improves the utilization efficiency of water resources. Therefore, the application of microbial technology in wastewater treatment is also an important trend and trend. At this stage, microbial wastewater treatment technology still needs to be improved and perfected, so researchers must increase their research efforts to ensure the quality and efficiency of wastewater treatment.