How to use microbial fertilizer for better effect?
In recent years, due to the serious damage to the soil structure, traditional fertilizers have been unable to meet the needs of crops, and microbial fertilizers have gradually entered the market, which can fully meet the growth needs of various crops. Microbial fertilizers are a kind of specific products containing live microorganisms, which can be used in agricultural production to obtain specific fertilizer effects. In the process of producing this effect, the live microorganisms in the products play a key role. Enzyme (microbial fertilizer) refers to a liquid fertilizer containing a variety of nutrients. Through the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, a large amount of polysaccharides are produced, which combine with the mucus, mineral colloids and organic colloids secreted by plants to form a soil aggregate structure and improve soil fertility and water retention capacity. Good quality microbial fertilizer can promote the growth of crops, improve soil structure, improve the quality of crop products and improve the ability of crops to prevent and resist diseases, thereby increasing production and income. These nutrients are dissolved in water as solutes to form a solution or suspended in water by the action of a suspending agent to form a suspension. Because of its instant and uniform advantages, liquid fertilizer is the fertilizer for fertilization by irrigation equipment. Due to its ready-to-use nature, it does not require stirring to dissolve, making it ideal for automated fertilization.
1. How to create a good living environment? The main things to do are:
1. It is necessary to control the ground temperature in the shed. Generally, the biological bacteria in the bacterial fertilizer are most active at 18-25 °C, and the life activity begins to decrease when the temperature is below 15 °C. In order to control the ground temperature, we must first control the temperature inside the shed. Generally, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 25-30°C during the day, and the temperature inside the shed should be low at night. In-line cover crop straw is also a good idea.
2.to control the soil moisture. Insufficient soil water content is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of biological bacteria, but the soil is not conducive to the survival of biological bacteria when the soil is watered too much, the air permeability is poor, and the oxygen content is low, because most biological bacteria are aerobic, generally The life activities of biological bacteria are most active when the soil is dry and wet. Therefore, in addition to regulating the ground temperature, reasonable watering is also an important factor. Under normal circumstances, watering should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day, because watering during this time is conducive to the recovery of ground temperature and the removal of moisture in the shed. When watering, pay attention to watering small, avoid flooding by all means, and hoe in time after watering to increase soil permeability and promote the life activities of biological bacteria.
3. Provide sufficient "food" for the biological bacteria. Bacteria are living organisms, and they also need to "eat". Therefore, adequate food is the basis for the survival of biological bacteria. In many greenhouses, vegetable farmers do not pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers such as chicken manure, and the soil organic matter content in the greenhouse is seriously poor, and the organic matter content in some areas is not yet 1%. The biological bacteria in the soil cannot get food for a long time, and their survival is a problem. How can they work for us? Therefore, before planting vegetables, we must pay attention to applying enough organic fertilizer. Generally, it is advisable to apply 15-20 cubic meters of decomposed farmyard manure or 30-40 cubic meters of rice manure per acre of vegetable field. In addition, in the top dressing, it is best to use package fertilizers containing high-quality organic activated nutrients, such as Jiamei Dividends, Hailibao, etc.
4. The pH of the soil is also required by the biological bacteria. Alkaline or acidic soil is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of biological bacteria. Under normal circumstances, when the soil pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5, it is most suitable for the reproduction of biological bacteria. Vegetable farmers can modify it according to their own soil conditions, so that biological bacteria can "live" in a good soil environment.
2. the use of microbial fertilizer should pay attention to matters.
1. Validity period: At present, there are not many effective bacteria in microbial fertilizers in my country that survive for more than one year. Therefore, the purchased microbial fertilizers should be used as soon as possible. If the storage time is too long, the dormant state of the bacteria may be destroyed.
2. Application temperature: The best temperature for applying bacterial fertilizer is 22°C-35°C, lower than 5°C and higher than 40°C, and the application effect is poor. It should not be applied to crop fields under high temperature, low temperature and drought conditions. The optimum temperature soil moisture content of nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer is 60%-70%.
3. Application plot: For soils with high sulfur content and rusty paddy fields, it is not suitable to apply biological bacterial fertilizer, because sulfur element can kill biological bacteria. For the paddy fields that have been stirred, generally there is no need to spread, and the effect of spraying will be better.
4. Bacteria count: Microbial fertilizers whose effective viable counts cannot reach the standard cannot be purchased. The state stipulates that the effective viable count of microbial inoculants is ≥200 million/g (granule 100 million/g), and the effective viable count of compound microbial fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers is ≥20 million/g. If this standard is not met, it means that the product quality does not meet the requirements.
5. Application period: Biological bacterial fertilizer is not a quick-acting fertilizer. It is generally used as a base fertilizer. If topdressing is applied, it is applied 7-10 days before the critical period of crops and the period of nutrient absorption, and the effect is good.
6. Mixing: It should be noted that bacterial fertilizers should not be mixed with fungicides, pesticides, herbicides, sulfur-containing fertilizers (such as potassium sulfate, etc.) and plant ash, because these drugs and fertilizers can easily kill biological bacteria. Or apply bacterial fertilizer first, after 48 hours, then spray medicine to weed. If seed dressing, do not mix with seeds that have been mixed with fungicides. Mixing with immature farmyard manure should also be avoided.
7. Dosage: For fields that have been applied with chemical fertilizers for many years, the application amount of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers cannot be greatly reduced when applying biological bacterial fertilizers. Because crops are dependent on chemical fertilizers, it is impossible to replace nitrogen fertilizers with biological bacterial fertilizers all at once. Therefore, the replacement amount should be replaced by 30%, 40% and 60% in the first, second and third years respectively. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can only be supplemented and cannot be reduced.
Like agricultural enzymes, microbial fertilizers require sufficient organic matter or humus in the soil so that microorganisms and their metabolites can survive, reproduce and metabolize well. Microbial bacteria produce various enzymes in the soil, decompose various nutrients, produce various acids and carbon dioxide, and provide more nutrients to crops. Soil organic matter content is sufficient, soil physical and chemical properties are good, promote microbial activity, and then promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, thus forming a virtuous circle, and finally achieve the purpose of increasing production and income, losing weight and increasing efficiency.
